British printmaker,
draughtsman, and painter, born in London, a member of
a dynasty of artists that included Queen Victoria's official
portraitist Sir George Hayter. He studied chemistry and
geology at London University, 1917-21, then worked in
the oil industry in the Persian Gulf for several years.
In 1926 he settled in Paris, where he studied briefly
at the *Academie Julian, and in 1927 he founded an experimental
workshop for the graphic arts-Atelier 17-that played a
central role in the 20th-century revival of the print
as in independent art form. (The name was adopted in 1933
when Hayter moved his establishment from its original
home to no. 17 rue Campagne-Premiere.) In 1940-50 Hayter
lived in New York (his second wife was the American sculptor
Helen Phillips (1913-95), taking Atelier 17 With him.
After returning to Paris in 1950 he re-established Atelier
17 there and closed the American branch in 1955. The list
of artists who worked with him includes some of the most
distinguished names in 20th-century art, among them *Chagall,
*Ernst, *Giacometti, and *Lipchitz. Hayter's training
as a chemist gave him an unrivalled knowledge of the technicalities
of printmaking, on which he wrote two major books, New
Ways of Gravure (1949) and About Ptints (1962). Although
his historical importance has long been acknowledged (probably
no modern British artist has been so influential internationally),
he was uninterested in self-promotion and his work was
little exhibited in his lifetime. However, his obituary
in the Guardian described him as 'by far the finest British
printmaker of this century'. His prints are varied in
technique and style, but most characteristically are influenced
by the abstract vein of *Surrealism and are notable for
their experiments with texture and colour.
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